The record, over time.
Four official series, read as published. Each shows its formula and source; none is a forecast.
Exploited vulnerabilities CISA added to the KEV catalog, by year
| Year | Entries | Known ransomware | Share | Vendors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 311 | 84 | 27% | 73 |
| 2022 | 555 | 132 | 23.8% | 98 |
| 2023 | 187 | 43 | 23% | 67 |
| 2024 | 186 | 44 | 23.7% | 64 |
| 2025 | 245 | 31 | 12.7% | 99 |
| 2026 | 239 | 27 | 11.3% | 94 |
Formula: count of catalog entries by dateAdded year; 'known ransomware' = knownRansomwareCampaignUse is Known; share = known ÷ entries. Source: CISA KEV catalog.
The catalog started in November 2021, so the first year is partial; growth also reflects CISA adding more, not only more exploitation. The current year is in progress.
Health-record breach reports submitted to HHS, by month (reports currently under OCR review)
Latest month: 8 reports · 59,868 people · 75% typed Hacking/IT Incident
Formula: reports by submission month; individuals = sum of 'individuals affected'; hacking share = reports typed Hacking/IT Incident ÷ reports. Source: HHS OCR breach portal.
Only 500+ person breaches appear and resolved cases leave this list for OCR's archive, so older months thin out as cases close — a falling early bar is not fewer breaches.
New USDOT registrations added to the FMCSA Company Census, by month
Last full month: 15,097 registrations · 12 months earlier: 14,406
Formula: count of census rows by add_date month. Source: FMCSA Company Census (data.transportation.gov).
Registrations are entries, not operating carriers; many never obtain authority. The newest month is still being appended.
State and local debt per resident, 2019 → 2024, every state
| Rose most | 2019 | 2024 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| AL | $5,986 | $8,465 | +41.4% |
| CO | $11,029 | $14,947 | +35.5% |
| DC | $25,572 | $34,080 | +33.3% |
| WV | $7,959 | $10,535 | +32.4% |
| IA | $6,181 | $7,930 | +28.3% |
| TX | $10,403 | $13,135 | +26.3% |
| WY | $3,412 | $4,154 | +21.8% |
| VA | $7,784 | $9,469 | +21.6% |
| Fell most | 2019 | 2024 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| ID | $3,254 | $1,703 | -47.7% |
| KY | $11,247 | $7,844 | -30.3% |
| MO | $7,650 | $5,558 | -27.4% |
| OH | $8,011 | $5,915 | -26.2% |
| KS | $9,848 | $7,917 | -19.6% |
| LA | $7,441 | $6,086 | -18.2% |
| IL | $13,004 | $10,915 | -16.1% |
| NM | $7,552 | $6,348 | -15.9% |
Formula: total debt outstanding (Census ASSLGF LF0231, state + local) ÷ ACS 2023 population, both years; change = debt change in dollars. Source: U.S. Census Bureau ASSLGF + ACS.
Debt finances long-lived assets; a rise can be new schools and water systems as easily as deficits. Per-resident uses the same 2023 population for both years so the change reflects debt, not migration.
Each series is the official record over time, with its formula. Alpha Covenant does not forecast, rank as good or bad, or state causes.