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Established 'objective reasonableness' standard for excessive force claims under the Fourth Amendment.
Allowed civil rights suits against state officials under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 even when their acts violated state law.
Prosecution must disclose exculpatory evidence to the defense. Foundation for wrongful-conviction reversals.
Sixth Amendment right to counsel applies to states. Indigent defendants must be provided an attorney.
Statements made during custodial interrogation are inadmissible unless suspect was informed of rights.
Police may not use deadly force against a fleeing unarmed suspect who poses no threat.
Reframed qualified-immunity analysis. Courts may decide the constitutional question or skip to clearly-established prong.
Qualified immunity denied to prison officials who confined inmate in feces-covered cell. Major immunity-defeat precedent.
Two-prong test for ineffective assistance of counsel: deficient performance + prejudice.
Execution of persons with intellectual disability violates the Eighth Amendment.
Prohibits use of peremptory challenges to exclude jurors on the basis of race. Bias-detection precedent.
Equal-protection violations require proof of discriminatory intent; disparate impact alone is not enough federally.
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